OPRA Course | Stage 1

Your First Step to Become a Licensed Pharmacist in Australia ✈️

Get ready for your OPRA exam with a simple and clear roadmap. The course is divided into 5 stages.

Stage 1 includes the following lessons:

1. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

• Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

• Key neurotransmitters and receptors

• Clinical applications and commonly used drugs

2. Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Brain and spinal cord overview

• Neurotransmitters and neural pathways

• CNS disorders and pharmacological management

3. Cardiovascular System

• Cardiac physiology and blood pressure regulation

• Hypertension, heart failure, and arrhythmias

• Cardiovascular drugs and clinical use

4. Antibiotics

• Classification and mechanisms of action

• Indications and antimicrobial resistance

• Common side effects and drug interactions

5. Blood Components and Diseases

• RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and plasma

• Anemia, bleeding disorders, and leukemias

• Diagnostic basics and treatment overview

6. Immunology and Antidotes

• Immune system fundamentals

• Hypersensitivity and immunological disorders

• Antidotes and poisoning management

7. Anti-Cancer Drugs

• Cancer biology fundamentals

• Chemotherapy classes and targeted therapies

• Adverse effects and safety considerations

8. Autoimmune Diseases

• Pathophysiology of autoimmunity

• Common autoimmune disorders

• Immunosuppressive and biologic therapies

9. Endocrine System

• Hormonal regulation and feedback mechanisms

• Diabetes, thyroid, and adrenal disorders

• Endocrine pharmacology

10. Hyperlipidemia

• Lipid metabolism

• Types of dyslipidemia

• Lipid-lowering agents and treatment guidelines

11. Gout

• Uric acid metabolism

• Acute versus chronic gout

• Pharmacological management

12. NSAIDs

• Mechanism of action

• Indications and contraindications

• Adverse effects and precautions

13. Anticoagulants

• Overview of the coagulation cascade

• Heparins, warfarin, and DOACs

• Monitoring and bleeding management

14. Respiratory System

• Airway and lung physiology

• Asthma, COPD, and respiratory infections

• Respiratory pharmacotherapy

15. Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

• Gastrointestinal physiology and secretion

• Peptic ulcer disease, GERD, and IBD

• GI drugs and clinical applications